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Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
Population: 13.8 million
Urban population: 6 million
Capital: Wulumuqi
Area: 1,600,000 square kilometers
Nationalities: Uygur, Han, Kazak, Hui, Mongolian, Xibe, Kergez, Uzbek, Tajik, Russian,
Manchu, Daur, and Tartar
Altitude:
8,611 meters at the Qogir Peak; 155 meters below sea level at the bottom of the Turpan Depression, the lowest point on the China continent
Climatic features:
temperate, continental climate; warmer in the south; extreme temperature changes; little precipitation.
Average temperature:
in January, minus 20 - minus 15 centigrade degree in the north and minus 10 - minus 5 degree in the south; in July, 22 - 26 degree.
Annual average rainfall:
150 mm; higher precipitation in the north; only 10 mm around Qarqan and Qarkilik
Physical features:
three major mountain ranges separate the lowlands into various-sized basins and valley lands; conspicuous differences in land elevation.
Mountains:
Tianshan Range in the central area; Altay Range in the north; Karakorum, Kunlun, and Altun Mountains in the south
Deserts:
Taklimakan Desert in the Tarim Basin; Gurbantunggut Desert in the Junggar Basin; Gumtay Desert in the east
Basins:
Junggar Basin between the Tianshan and Altay Ranges; Tarim Basin between the Tianshan and Kunlun Ranges, over 500,000 square kilometers in area; Turpan Depression between the Bogda and Qoltag Mountains; east of the Turpan is the Hami Basin.
Rivers:
the 2,137-kilometer Tarim River, China's longest inland river; lli and Ertix Rivers
Lakes:
Lop Nur, a famous salt lake; Bosten Lake, the largest fresh water lake of the region; Aydingkol Lake in the Turpan Depression, with the lowest altitude in China
Products:
wheat, rice, corn, sorghum, millet, potatoes, rape, sesame, sugar beet, peanuts; peaches, grapes; cotton, silk cocoons; iron, coal, petroleum, gold, copper, salt, jade, sulfur
Specialties:
Turpan grapes, Hami melons
Neighboring areas:
Gansu and Qinghai Provinces; Tibet Autonomous Region
Neighboring countries:
Mongolia, Russia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India
Major cities:
Wulumuqi, Kashi, Yining, Hami, Karamay, Aksu, Shihezi
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